SWF File Structure

SWF version files are binary files with different types of elements concatenated together in the order shown below:

Header
FileAttributes tag
Definition tag or Control tag
Definition tag or Control tag
Definition tag or Control tag
... 
End tag

Short descriptions of SWF file elements are:

• Header - The first element in a SWF file that contains the SWF signature, version, and other overall information.
• FileAttributes tag - The second element in a SWF file that defines characteristics of the SWF file. FileAttributes tag is required for SWF version 8 and later versions and optional for earlier versions.
• Definition tag - An element in a SWF file that defines one data character like a shape, a text, a bitmap, a sound, etc.
• Control tag - An element in a SWF file that performs an action on defined data characters and changes execution flow.
• End tag - The last element in a SWF file that ends the SWF file.

MAGIC NUMBER

Magic numbers are the first bits of a file which uniquely identify the type of file. This makes programming easier because complicated file structures need not be searched in order to identify the file type.
For example, a jpeg file starts with ffd8 ffe0 0010 4a46 4946 0001 0101 0047 ......JFIF.....G
ffd8 shows that it's a JPEG file, and ffe0 identify a JFIF type structure. There is an ascii encoding of "JFIF" which comes after a length code, but that is not necessary in order to identify the file. The first 4 bytes do that uniquely.

Unallocated Space

computer operating systems, such as Windows, allocate space on the hard drive as adjacent groups of sectors, known as allocation units, or clusters. When you create a new file, the operating system finds available space and allocates that space to the file. Unallocated space is space that is not allocated to active files within a file system.

The type of object that you can create in unallocated space depends on whether your hard disk is a basic disk, containing primary partitions, extended partitions and logical drives, or a dynamic disk, containing volumes that span multiple disks. In the case of a basic hard disk, you can use unallocated space outside an existing partition, or logical storage unit, to create a primary partition -- typically, the partition used to start the operating system -- or an extended partition. Similarly, you can use unallocated space inside an existing partition to create logical drives, or parts of the same physical disk that are managed as independent units.

SLACK SPACE

What is Slack Space?

Slack space is an area between the end of a file and end of the last cluster or sector used by the file in question. Area is an area that will not be used again to store the information there, so the area is "wasted" useless. Slack space is common in file systems that use a large cluster size, while the file system that uses a small cluster size can organize the storage media more effectively and efficiently. Amount of wasted disk space can be thought is estimated by multiplying the number of files (including the number of directories) with half the size of a cluster. For example, a 10 000 personal computer that stores files in a file system that uses a cluster size of 4 kilobytes will have approximately 10 000 x 2 MB ~ = 20000 KB. On a large file server, slack space and even reached the size of tens of gigabytes.

MASTER BOOR RECORD (MBR)

MBR stands for master boot record that is automatically created when creating the first partition harrdisk. The location is always on the first disk sector. MBR is a very important data structure that contains the partition table and a number of executable code for the boot start (way to hard to make loading the operating system). serves to store information about Operating System, and then be read by theBIOS.

Master Boot Record, a small program that is executed when a computer boots up. Typically, the MBR resides on the first sector of the hard disk. The program begins the boot process by looking up the partition table to determine which partition to use for booting. It then transfers program control to the boot sector of that partition, which continues the boot process. In DOS and Windows systems, you can create the MBR with the FDISK /MBR command.
In this partitioning scheme, the partition is divided into three types, namely
Primary Partition or the primary partition, the partition that can be used to performthe operating system boot process and store user data. There were only fourpieces only in a single hard disk. If there is an additional partition, then the amountwill be reduced to three primary partitions.
Extended Partition or additional partitions, the partitions that can accommodatemultiple logical partitions. This partition is actually one kind of primary partition. The numbers should only be one piece only.
Logical Partition or logical partition, that partition can not be used to make the process of booting the operating system, and can only store user data. Amount is not restricted, meaning that in a single hard disk may have a lot to have its main office logical partition to a single additional partition.

Structure File System

 FAT16

FAT16 is a file system that uses the allocation unit that has a limit of up to 16-bit, so it can store up to 216 units of allocation (65536 pieces). This file system has a capacity limit of up to 4 Gigabyte sizes only. Allocation unit size used by the FAT16 partition depends on the capacity to be about to be formatted.Pros:FAT16 is a file system that is compatible in almost every Operating System be it Windows 95/98/Me, OS / 2, Linux and even Unix.Disadvantages:FAT16 has a capacity of a fixed number of clusters in a partition, so the larger the hard drive the size of the cluster will be greater, meaning that no matter how small the file still will take 32KB of disk. Another bad thing is FAT16 does not support compression, encryption and access control in a partition. FAT16 is a file system that uses the allocation unit that has a limit of up to 16-bit, so it can store up to 216 units of allocation (65536 pieces). This file system has a capacity limit of up to 4 Gigabyte sizes are in addition to the allocation unit sizes used by FAT16 partition depends on the capacity that was about to be formatted for example if the partition size is less than 16 megabytes, then Windows will use the FAT12 file system, and if the partition size larger of 16 Megabytes, then Windows will use the FAT16 file system.
FAT32

FAT32 began in the know in 1976 and used on Windows 95 SP2 operating system, and the continued development of FAT16. Because it uses large file allocation table (32-bit), FAT32 can theoretically address on the allocation of up to 232 units (4,294,967,296 pieces). Nevertheless, its implementation, the number of allocation units that can be addressed by FAT32 is 228 (268 435 456 pieces).Pros:FAT32 offers the ability to accommodate larger jumlat cluster in the partition. It also developed the ability to drive is better than FAT16.Weaknesses:However FAT32 has a weakness that does not have FAT16 is limited in the operating system that can recognize FAT32. FAT16 can not as well known by almost all the Operating System, but it does not matter if you are running FAT32 on Windows XP because Windows XP does not matter what file system in use on that partition. FAT32 file system is not able to accommodate single file size of 4gb or more. Not only that, some argue that the FAT32 filesystem is more easily fragmented than NTFS, if fragmentation increases, the performance will certainly go down. 
NTFS (New Technology File System)NTFS on first introduced in Windows NT and the file system that is very different compared to FAT technology. NTFS or New Technology File System1, is a file system in the flyer that came by the Microsoft Windows NT operating system family, which consists of Windows NT 3.x (NT 3.1, NT 3.50, NT 3.51), Windows NT 4.x (NT 4.0 with all service packs), Windows NT 5.x (Windows 2000, Windows XP, and Windows Server 2003), and Windows NT 6.x (Windows Vista, Windows 7). NTFS works on the principle btree and using Full Indexing. Because of that fragmentation can be reduced to a minimum. Then, each file on a NTFS has a checksum, which allows the file is repaired perfectly when times are troubled NTFS.Pros:NTFS offers better security, file compression, clusters, and even support data encryption. NTFS is the default file system for Windows XP and Windows if you do a regular upgrade you will be asked whether you want to upgrade to NTFS or keep using FAT. NTFS also has features to accommodate more than one piece of data in a file room. This feature is called Alternate Data Stream.Weaknesses:Disadvantages of NTFS that is often discussed is the compatibility of older software or operating systems like win 9x and ME. Microsoft's old operating system is not able to read NTFS file system. In addition, some people considered that the NTFS file system is not universal, because the OS other than microsoft is not able to perform read-write on NTFS partitions, but this has been resolved. Some argue that the NTFS system partition berfile would be difficult to repair if a problem occurs, NTFS file systems are currently quite popular, so there is recovery tools that supports a data recovery and repair NTFS partitions berfile system.

EXT2

Ext2 or second extended file system A file system for Linux kernel. Though not including the file system journaling, but the successor of ext3 provides features journaling and is almost completely compatible with ext2.

The first file system used in Linux Operating System is the most Minix FS completely free of bugs, but uses 16-bit offset and maximum size only 64 MB. The file name is also limited to only 14 characters. To overcome this, was made new file system that starts with the addition of a virtual file system layer on the kernel Linux.

 

EXT3  

Ext3 or third extended file system is a journaling file system commonly used the Linux Operating System. Ext3 journaling is a development version of the file ext2 system as a whole is almost compatible with ext2. The lack of features journaling is what makes it better than ext2 which makes it more reliable and menghilagkan need to check the file system after a shutdown is not properly.

Although speed is not better than other Linux file systems such as JFS,
ReiserFS and XFS, ext3 but has significant benefits that allow upgrades
in place from ext2 file system without having to back up and restore data to mean reduce CPU power consumption. Ext3 is also perceived to be safer than the file system Other Linux because kederhanaannya and extensive trials. 

Ext3 file system adds these features than its predecessor:

File system journaling
The addition of an online file system
Htree index for the broader directory

Without this, the ext3 file system would be equivalent to ext2. There are three levels of journaling available in implementing ext3 on Linux systems:

Journal (lowest risk)
Metadata and content files stored in the journal before it is done to the main file system.
 

Ordered (medium risk)
Only metadata is stored in the journal, the contents of the file is not saved but guaranteed that that the contents of the file saved to disk before the metadata corresponding to the marked-commit the journal.
 

Writeback (highest risk)
Only metadata is stored in a journal, not the file contents. Contents may be on-write file
before or after the journal is updated. As a result, the file is modified just before crash
can occur.

WEB HACKING

The first open DVWA and login
user = admin
pass= password

After which it will appear like the picture below